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Chabad customs and holidays are the practices, rituals and holidays performed and celebrated by adherents of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement. The customs, or minhagim and prayer services are based on Lurianic kabbalah.〔(Rabbi Isaac Luria. ''Chanad.org''. )〕 The holidays are celebrations of events in Chabad history. General Chabad customs, called ''minhagim'', distinguish the movemment from other Hasidic groups. ==Customs== *''Forms of dress'' – Chabad males, starting from Bar Mitzvah age, mostly wear black fedoras. This is in contrast to other Hasidic groups who wear shtreimels, a type of fur hat. Chabad women, like other Orthodox Jews, wear clothing that conform to ''tzniut'' (Hebrew: צניות, "modesty").〔(Modesty. ''Chabad.org''. )〕〔(Shop helps Orthodox girls balance modesty and style. ''ChrownHeights.info''. )〕 *''Speech and language'' – Many Chabad Hasidim in English speaking countries speak both English and Yiddish.〔(Yiddish still spoken here. ''Lubavitch.com''. )〕 * *''Dialects'' – Many American Chabad Hasidim pronounce Hebrew according to the Lithuanian dialect.〔(Jochnowitz, George. “Bilingualism and dialect mixture among Lubavitcher Hasidic children.” American Speech 43, no. 3 (1968): 182-200. )〕 However, many native Israeli Chabad Hasidim pronounce Hebrew according to the Modern Israeli Hebrew dialect. * *''Linguistic features'' – English speaking adherents are thought to use a cluster of linguistic features including a “/t/ release” at the end of some words, borrowed Hebrew terms, and “chanting intonation contours”. This linguistic cluster forms a unique "learned, Orthodox style” used by male adherents, and to a lesser extent, by female adherents.〔(Sarah Bunin. “The Learned/t: Phonological Variation in Orthodox Jewish English.” Penn Working Papers in Linguistics: Selected Papers from NWAV 2000. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University ofPennsylvania Department of Linguistics (2001): 1-16. )〕 *''Song and music'' – Like many other Hasidic groups, Chabad attaches importance to singing Chabad Hasidic ''nigunim'' (melodies), usually without words, and following precise customs of their leaders. To Chabad followers, the ''niggun'' is a primary link between the mundane and divine realms.〔(Koskoff, Ellen. "The Language of the Heart: Music in Lubavitcher Life. ''New World Hasidim: Ethnographic Studies of Hasidic Jews in America''. Edited by Janet S. Belcove-Shalin. SUNY Press. (1995): pp. 91. )〕 Chabad followers also compose songs using lyrics and contemporary styles.〔(A transcript of a contemporary Chabad song )〕〔(Chabad Songs. Kesser.org )〕 * *''Zemiros'' – Unlike other Orthodox communities, the Chabad prayerbook does not include ''Shabbos Zemiros'', songs traditionally sung on the Sabbath. The Chabad community is thought to replace these songs with their own niggunim (wordless melodies), or with the recitation of Hasidic discourses.〔(Sefer Haminhagim: Shabbos Zemiros ''Sichos in English''. sichosinenglish.org )〕 *''Daily study'' – Among the customs of the Chabad movement are schedules of daily study of Jewish religious works. These study schedules were often encouraged by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson. They include: * *''Chitas'' – selected portions of the Torah, Psalms and Tanya, the central book of Chabad theology. The practice was founded by Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn.〔(What is Chitas? )〕〔(Sefer Haminhagim: The Book of Chabad-Lubavitch Customs )〕 * *''Rambam'' – selected portions from either Maimonides's Mishneh Torah (Yad Hachazakah) or his Sefer Hamitzvot. The practice was founded by Menachem Mendel Schneersohn.〔(Maimonides Study Cycle )〕 *''Pregnancy'' – Chabad Hasidim refrain from publicizing a pregnancy until the woman has entered the fifth month.〔(Conduct During Pregnancy. ''Chabad.org'' )〕 *''Bar Mitzvah'' – It is customary in Chabad communities for a child celebrating his Bar Mitzvah to recite the Chassidic discourse titled ''Isa b'Midrash Tehillim''.〔("Customs Related to a Bar Mitzvah". ''Chabad.org''. )〕 *''Tefillin'' – The custom of Chabad males, starting from Bar Mitzvah age, is to don an additional pair of Tefillin, called "Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam".〔Sefer HaSichos 5749, Vol. 2 p. 632; Likkutei Sichos, Vol. II, p. 507. See also Likkutei Sichos, Vol. XXVI, p. 404〕〔(Sefer Haminhagim: Bar Mitzva ''Sichos in English''. sichosinenglish.org )〕〔(Sefer Haminhagim: Tefillin of Rabbeinu Tam ''Sichos in English''. sichosinenglish.org )〕 *''The Ten Commandments'' – It is customary in Chabad for all family members, even infants, to attend the reading of the Ten Commandments on the holiday of Shavuot.〔("The Ten Commandments". ''Chabad.org''. )〕〔("Tidbits on Torah A Treasure Beyond Compare". ''Chabad.org''. )〕 *''Passover'' – It is customary in Chabad communities, on passover, to limit contact of matzah (an unleavened bread eaten on passover) with water. This custom is called ''gebrokts'' ((イディッシュ語:געבראָכטס), lit. 'broken'). However, on the last day of passover, it is customary to intentionally have matzah come in contact with water.〔(Gebrokts: Wetted Matzah. ''Chabad.org''. )〕 * *''The Four Questions'' – The Chabad custom for the order of the "Four Questions", a customary recitation where the child asks the parent what makes Passover unique, differs from the order in the standard Orthodox custom. The Chabad order is as follows: 1. Dipping the food 2. Eating matzah 3. Eating bitter herbs 4. Reclining.〔(Cotler, Yisroel. Why Is Chabad’s Four Questions Different Than All Others’? ''Chabad.org''. ).〕 *''Chanukah'' – It is the custom of Chabad Hasidim to place the Chanukah menorah against the room's doorpost (and not on the windowsill).〔(Chanukah. Sefer Haminhagim. ''SichosinEnglish.org''. )〕〔Schneersohn, Shalom Dovber. Tanu Rabbanan: Ner Chanukah ''Sichos In English'', N.Y., 1990.〕〔(Laws and Customs of Chanukah. ''CrownHeights.info''. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chabad customs and holidays」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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